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Occupations

Occupations
Ranks, Professions, Occupations and Trades
Medieval and obsolete Trades
Genuki Occupations
with links to specific occupations
Occupations Mailing Lists

 

Apprentices - London 1442-1850 (English Origins)
Black Sheep & Police
Criminals (Old Bailey)
Doctors
Pilots - Thames
Romanies & Travellers
The Village Labourer
Military There are few sites devoted to personnel in the Armed Forces, but the most comprehensive is the Debt of Honour register of the Commonwealth Graves Commission  Used in conjunction with 'Soldiers died in the Great War' CD to be found in many local libraries.
The World War I  Medal Roll has been digitised and entries downloaded for £3-50.

Royal Navy seamen's records (1853 - 1923)  from The National Archive
The London Gazette for medal awards.
Try the sources at the National Archives for the military history
If the regiment etc. is known try Google.
Commonwealth Medal Identification
The National Archives has a wealth of leaflets on most aspects of military life and organisation.
Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth.
and finally, The Long, Long Trail:  The story of the British Army in the Great War.
The Royal Sussex Regiment
'Lowther's Lambs'
'The day the 13th Btn RSR took St. Julien'

First World War.Com
Photos of the Great War

and of course the Family History section of The Imperial War Museum

Church Churches and links

Careers of all clergymen in the Church of England between 1540 and 1835
Pictures of churches can be found in the Frith collection

Missionaries
Hospitals Hospitals
Royals 'One day there will only be five Kings - the Kings of spades, diamonds, hearts diamond - and the King of England' The UK Monarchy
The Poor Before 1834 the parish looked after the poor administered by the two Churchwardens and two Overseers (of the poor)
There were five basic categories of person needing relief:-
  • The sick
  • The aged
  • Widows, deserted wives and orphans
  • Unemployed and able-bodied
  • Destitute wanderers, temporary inhabitants.

Settlement
Before 1662, 3 years residence in the parish
1687, 40 days AND a house worth £10 pa
1691, Notice of arrival within 40 days and wait 40 days
Settlement could be obtained by:-

  • Being born in the parish
  • Paying taxes on property in the parish
  • Serving as a parish officer
  • Apprenticed to a settled man
  • Hired to work for a settled inhabitant for a complete year (365 days)
Married men needed a settlement of certificate from their home parish.
A woman took the legal settlement of her husband
Removal orders to parish of origin were issued after an examination.

In 1834 parishes combined to provide indoor relief and a Union Workhouse

Forced removal ended in 1935 but had become largely a bookeeping exercise from 1930.
The workhouses were abolished in 1948

The Workhouse  and the Poor Law

Poor Law and Workhouse Topics from 'A Web of English History'

The West Sussex Poor Law database

Emmigration

Since the C17 the UK and Ireland have sent an estimated 10 million to the USA, 4 million to Canada and 1.5 million to Australasia.
Colonial populations were not stable. 
After the American war of Independence nearly one third of the population left for Canada, the Bahamas and England.

Few passenger lists survive and unfortunately The UK government has been more concerned with immigration than emmigration and so the latter can be searched by reference to immigration of the recipient country.

Ship Passenger Lists
Passenger Lists
Australian Arrivals 1788 - 1967
Victoria Public Record Office
Canada Immigrants
The Mayflower
USA (Ellis Island)
Immigrants (US) Guild

Transportation An estimated 50,000 people were transported to America and the West Indies between 1614 and 1755.
In 1718 the standard period was 14 years for a death sentence and 7 years for a range of non-capital offences.
From 1788 Australia was the destination and Tasmania from 1803.
Transportation officially ended in 1868 but was not used much after 1857.

 


Australian Convicts list
Convicts to Australia
Australian Arrivals 1788 - 1967
New South Wales State Records
Swing rioters to Van Diemen's Land
Poor Law 

The 1834 Poor Law allowed parishes to provide assisted emmigration.  Over 100 West Sussex parishes became involved under 'The Petworth Scheme'. 

 

Child emmigration

Between 1869 and the 1930s over 100,000 children were sent to Canada from Great Britain.
'Home Children' From 1870 to 1940

 

Canada National Archives
Home Children
War Brides

Over 1 million US and Canadian soldiers were stationed in Britain in WW2. 
Over 80,000 British women became their brides.
Many soldiers left behind children - Transatlantic Children's Enterpise' (TRACE) aims to help

 

Canadian war brides
GI war brides
TRACE
Immigration Moving Here  200 years of migration to England.
French refugees in GB in the early 1700s
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Links checked November 2010
copyright Peter Cox 2003